Pre-production

Pre-production 

Pre-production

History of animation

Cel based animation

cel based animation is when you have multiple images on different plastic slides. The plastic slides were transparent sheets of plastic so that you could draw images on the different sheets and the other slides would not be messed with. So if you had the background on one side and a character on another then you can change what the character does without effecting anything else.

Disney films

Walt disney came up with the idea of snow white in 1934 and it took



1970 animation

The early animated films like dastardly and muttley where originally made to appeal to kids but actually appealed to every generation. it was also one of the first films to use cal based animation.

Animation types

Animation

Persistance of vision 

Persistence of vision is when you mind tricks you into seeing things when it it moving at a certain pace. Videos are made up of moving pictures that have on average 25 frames per second  which trick you mind into thinking that the pictures are moving.





This image is of a victorian zoestrope which has multiple pictures on the inside of the cylinder whilst you look through the little slots which tricks your mind into thinking that the pictures are moving.

This is a kinetoscope and what is once you look through it you would see photographic images and would look like it was moving.

 The mutoscope is a device where series of pictures are flicked by a metal rod and viewed by the person who watches it. Because the images are being flicked really fast it tricks the eye into thinking the pictures are moving.

Trip to the moon was one of the first animated films made. It was made in france in 1902 and most of the time they did not move the background, instead they just made sets for the background and when they wanted to change scenes they would just move the background. It was also the first time that anyone had used the jump edit, they used the jump edit to put the rocket into the moons fac

Understanding structure and ownership in the creative media sector

Film

The film industry is one of the biggest industry's in the entertainment business, in the UK alone they employ around 27,800 people in 2008. The industry is usually funded through privately owned company's such as Sony and Warner brothers

Film and editing technique

Film and editing techniques are used in many ways to get the effect that you want, they can be really simple or really complicated. Simple editing techniques like cutting is used to go between scenes but as it gets more complicated when you include stuff like cross cutting and jump cuts.

Video editing history started in about the 1895 when the Lumiere brothers invented cinematography,

Media ownership

Media ownership is split into different media sectors. The different sectors include radio, TV, games, photo imaging, animation and interactive media.

television is one of the biggest sectors within the media industry with lots of competitors that employs over 50,000 British people with many different types of TV programs

Music video

Purposes

Music videos are created simply for the purpose to entertain, they can either be complicated to make or really simply and with a low budget, for instance the song "here it goes again" by Ok Go was a one shot film by using the band members to dance on numerous treadmills. The simplicity of this music video has made 52 million in 2014, made a mark in the top 40 singles and was their 3rd UK top 75. The purpose is also to promote the artist as if the video becomes a viral video then your song has a good chance of becoming popular. For example the song Gangnam style is well know for its dance and quickly became very popular and has nearly hit 2.5 billion views as it became viral overnight. Songs can also become popular from synergy which is where a song is made for a movie e.g Adele - Skyfall.

                        Ok Go - Here it goes again   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dTAAsCNK7RA

                           PSY - GANGNAM STYLE    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9bZkp7q19f0

              ADELE - Skyfall    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7HKoqNJtMTQ

Style

The style of the artist normally always reflects in there music that is produced, for instance lady gaga wears some quite obscure clothes/ costumes .

These are some examples of lady gaga's obscure costumes which gave her the reputation of always dressing up as weird things, but this makes people remember her as something different there for making her name easy to remember.

Many music videos are different but they all share the same purpose to entertain the viewer watching the video. You can get music videos that feature the band/singer performing on stage or any event, these are entertaining as you get to see the crowd and imagine what it would be like to be part of the atmosphere. Music videos sometimes have a narrative, for instance the song Beautiful war by Kings of leon is about a guy who gets into a bar fight but ends up killing his brother, this results in him going to jail. When the video has a narrative, it makes you pay attention to the song itself and the meanings behind it. Also there are animated music videos which dont have to consist of a narrative but have been known to include one.

                            Performance Music video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rGKfrgqWcv0

                            Narrative Music video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RVDc6bYy3j4

                            Animated music video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8Qp38qT-xI

A interpretative music video is when it looks like something else but has a different meaning, They want you to make your own interpretation of what is happening in the video.

                            Interpretative music video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_lK4cX5xGiQ

Parody music videos are quite popular as they include humor onto well known songs, This one in particular is a song by lonely island which is a you tube channel that are dedicated to making parody videos. The song goes on about the pirates of the Caribbean and various other movies just to mock them.

                            Parody music video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GI6CfKcMhjY

Pastiche music videos is a artistic, literary genre or technique.

                            Pastiche music video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V2fpgpanZAw

This Ok go music video is basically stop motion animation but using people. It was filmed in Los Angeles and was filmed over a 18 our period, including staying in sleeping bags over night.

Surreal music video is when the thing you are watching is so crazy that its obvious that its not real, mostly animated videos as animation is not realistic.

                            Surreal music video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djV11Xbc914

This video shows a female character reading a comic book, but then the comic comes to life and she gets dragged in and gets chased by animated people.

Referencing/ Homage This is when a artist honor another artist by either doing a cover of one of their songs or copying elements of their videos, For example the band Alien Ant Farm did a cover of smooth criminal by Micheal Jackson, they also took some of Micheal Jackson's moves like the moon walk and the dancing style.

                             Referencing/Homage Video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CDl9ZMfj6aE

Conventions 

Lyric interpretation

This is when the music video itself links with what the artist is singing, for instance, in Rebecca Blacks - Friday she literally just sings about friday and all the stuff she is going to do. But in a different case like the song Just by Radiohead people like to have there own ideas of what they think it means. "Just" features a man lying down on the pavement which makes people stop and question why he is doing this, in the end he tells the people why he is lying down but the viewers never know why, so this gives people the opportunity to imagine what he said.

                              Radiohead - Just    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-_qMagfZtv8

Techniques 

Cutting to the beat in music videos is very common as it makes the product look professional rather than having some scenes that are too long or too short. 

Camera angles

Camera Angles

Camera angles are very important in the film industry as where ever the camera is, is where you place your audience so it is important that you know when to change angles and which ones too use.

This camera angle is a close up, if it was a close up on a human then it would normally be just the head.

  

A medium shot is when you get a person from there waist to there head. But there is a shot similar called the american shot where it would go a bit below the waist so that you could get weapon holsters in for western movies.

The long shot is basically where  you can see the head and feet of the person on camera.

This photo of the transporter bridge is a extreme long shot as it was taken so far away. You may see these shots in films to set the scene and the location of where it is set.

Research techniques

Research techniques

When researching, you can use different methods for example primary research which is basically where you find the evidence your self rather than looking into a book which would be second hand research.


Open question is where the person being asked can answer with multiply word answers.



Closed question is where the person asking the question expects a one word answer



Console questions

Would you rather play with an XBOX 360 or a PS3?

What is your favourite game and why?

Questions about research methods

what is you favourite way to research and why? - closed question


Market research






Research in music 

Music

Barb

Barb is a website where you can see the most popular TV shows and films are shown. Barb is owned by many different companies like BBC, ITV ect and is not made for profit. It was setup in 1981 to provide the industry television audience measurements. 

The website BFI is a site that you can look at the top films for the time period that you are in

Demographics

Demographics is the studies of population based facts such as age, race, economic status and other general stuff like that. Demographics allow companies to access the size of potential market.

The structure of the social class depends on peoples jobs and there social class, people like CEO's will be grade A because its a higher job than something like a teacher which would fall into grade C1 which is lower middle class.

The martian

The target age for this film if around 15+, as it is quite a long film younger people might get bored throughout it. the actual film is a PG so anyone under 13 can go but have to be accompanied with by and adult. This film is pushed more towards the male gender as stereotypically men like lots of action. The main social grade that it made for would fall under A, B C1 as its a big budget film so more of the people higher in the social will see it as they make the higher percentage of people. The people in the lower classes will still go see it but as the people higher up make a higher percentage of the population it will be aimed towards them.

Assassins creed: Syndicate

The target audience for this game is 18+, but people under the age limit tend to play the game as well. It is mainly targeted towards males as it involves violence but it can also appeal to females as well. The economy that it would be targeted for might be the lower class as stereotypically people are higher up in the social structure don't tend to play video games as much.

Editing

There are some basic short cut keys that you need to learn when using premier pro, this will speed up the time you take to edit the film as you don't need to go finding your way around the computer.

J - Backwards (you can double click too make it go twice as fast)

K - Stop 

L - Forwards

Space - Play/pause

I - In point

O - Out point 

. - Places clip in timeline (overwrite edit)

, -  Insert edit

V - curser 

C - Razor tool

 Up key - skips to the start of the clip

Down key - Skips to the end of the clip

There are four main stages of production that are all pretty important but some more crucial than others.
 The first stage of production is the development stage, this is where the script is written. Once the script is finished the screen writer will look at the script and try to improve it and after that the script will be locked so that no one can change it.

Pre-production is when the film itself is actually planned and notes are formed, the producer hires people too work for him but depending on how high the budget is depends on how many cast members and crew you will have. The director will go through with other people to create a story board so that they know which scenes they will need to shoot first.

Next comes the production stage and this is where the actors will actually start working and the crew members record and film the different scenes. The director is in charge of everyone whilst they are on set and tells them when to stop and start recording, the director will also have to think about the films budget and control what money goes towards.

The last stage is editing all the footage and normally takes longer than the actual filming its self but is a crucial part if you want to make the film look and sound good. The editors will use professional software to add special effects and put all the scenes in order, as sometimes you will film all the scenes you want in a certain location rather than going backwards and forth moving all the equipment.

Adobe media encoder

Download a video and drop it into media encoder. To export it double click on the video to bring up he exporting options. first you have to make sure the bit rate is up too the maximum on the next two bars so that the speed goes quicker.

Pre-production

Story boards are used in pre-production as they give a clear understanding of what the producer wants the film too look like. The main things you need on a story board are the diagrams, mainly showing what camera angles will be used and were the positioning of the actors will be. The storyboard will include other things like timings and stage directions.

The storyboards connection with camera angles is that they are one of the most important thing to place on a storyboard as if you don't include them then the camera man will have no idea how to shoot the next scene.

Colour correction

Colour correction is where the colour of the image is made up of Red, Green and Blue.

You can edit the footage by moving the sliders that control the different colours and make the image warmer of colder.

Audio Recording

When it comes to audio, it is very important that you get the sound right as if something disrupts the quality then it will ruin whatever your meant to be recording. 

Sound acoustics are the amount of noise different microphones pick up that wasn't meant to be recorded, in this case there will always be some unwanted noise but if you know what your doing and know how to use the microphone right then you can prevent lots of unwanted noise.

With the Lavalier microphone you can clip it on yourself and can pickup sound without using a boom. This is handy for if you are using long shots as there is no need for a sound man ( these are omnidirectional). With a Shotgun microphone/ Rifle microphone you need to stick it on a boom pole and place a "dead cat" over the actual microphone so that it doesn't pick up any sound from the wind

Lumiere brothers

the lumiere brothers were the inventors of Cinematography in 1895. They were the first people invent the video camera.

 The first editing skill used was jump cut and it was made by accident when they were filming a bus coming out of a tunnel when the camera crashed and then skipped to the 

Soviet montage 

Soviet montage was invented between the years of the Russian revolution and the rise of starling, the way they edited films have made a big impact on the film industry today as the soviet montage method is used in lots of films. It started by the Russians experimenting what film looked like when you put short footage together in different ways to see if it make sense.

Eisenstain was a big theorist in montage films where he was inspired to make films such as Strike and October which were montage films created as he used images and contrasted them to look the same clips. 

Animation

Im doing fine with pixelation